Shotcrete

Gunite is basically dry concrete conveyed through a hose to a nozzle where it mixes with water.  The mixture is pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface, as a construction or repair method. Benefits of this method are increased volume of material over hand patching and lack of formwork needed for casting methods.

Manufacturers have perfected materials which are sold by the bag. The photo on the right shows the finished surface sprayed with a curing agent that dissipates over time to allow for coating application.